【文献速递】即使是在大流行时期:国际货币基金组织、人权和权力关系下的理性选择

马宝清马宝清

即使是在大流行时期：国际货币基金组织、人权和权力关系下的理性选择

摘要
自20世纪70年代以来，新自由主义意味着国民经济的深度重组和不平等问题的大幅增加。自认为凌驾于人权之上的国际货币基金组织(IMF)通过其信贷和条件，成为这一变化的核心机构工具，而这些信贷和条件经常转化为对债务国人民人权的侵犯。新自由主义推崇一种霸权主义的人权概念，提出了一种基于所谓的捍卫公民权利和政治权利的人权愿景：重点关注个人及对国家的不信任。这对公民的经济和社会权利产生损害，因为这两种权利充斥着国家与个人的关系，国家在上述两种权利中承担积极义务。这导致人们强烈批评人权不能在世界上产生真正的变化。本文对这种对人权的极简主义和失败主义解释进行探讨，强调它们在金融和经济领域的变革潜力。人权可以作为一种方法，在高度复杂和抽象的领域实现今天已达成广泛共识的目标：减少贫困、不平等和气候变化。结果表明，国际货币基金组织对人权的边缘化，与它在世界范围内过度行使权力的情况相类似。最后，本文还提供了一些关于这些紧张关系在COVID-19大流行病的背景下是如何加剧的迹象。



英文摘要



Not Even with a Pandemic: The IMF, Human Rights, and Rational Choices Under Power Relations

    Since the 1970s, neoliberalism has implied a deep reconfiguration of national economies and a significant increase in inequalities. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), which considers itself above human rights, has been a central institutional vehicle in this change through its credits and conditionalities that regularly translate into violations of the human rights of debtor states’ populations. Neoliberalism entertains a hegemonic notion of human rights that proposes a vision of them based on the—alleged—defense of civil and political rights—that focuses on the individuals and distrust of the state—to the detriment of economic and social rights—where the relational aspect is essential, and the state assumes positive obligations. This has led to strong criticism of the ineffectiveness of human rights in producing real change in the world. This article discusses this minimalist and defeatist interpretation of human rights, highlighting their transformative potential in the fields of finance and economics. Human rights can function as a method to achieve, in fields of high complexity and abstraction, objectives that today enjoy broad consensus: reducing poverty, inequality, and climate change. This study shows that the marginalization of human rights that characterizes the IMF parallels the excessive exercise of its power in the world. Finally, some indications are provided regarding how these tensions were exacerbated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

论文信息



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作者：Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky, Francisco Cantamutto

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期刊（机构）：Human Rights Quarterly, Volume 44, Issue 4, 2022, pp.759-783.

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网址：

https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/868841







翻译 | 李丹阳

责编 | 郭    敏

编辑 | 李佳颖

中南大学人权研究中心

国家人权教育与培训基地

作者：中南HumanRights