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每日外刊 | 1025-国际货币基金组织称对抗通货膨胀已经基本结束,但又警告新的威胁

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发表于 2024-10-26 09:08:19 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式


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国际货币基金组织(I.M.F.)发布报告称,全球抗击通胀已取得阶段性成果,但仍面临诸多新威胁。在各国央行多年来大幅加息抑制通胀的努力下,全球经济成功避免衰退,通胀率也呈下降趋势。然而,中东地区暴力冲突升级以及美国政治局势变化可能引发的新一轮贸易战,犹如阴云笼罩在全球经济之上。美国前总统特朗普的贸易保护主义言论加剧了不确定性,若其当选可能带来高额关税与贸易摩擦,影响全球经济稳定。与此同时,俄乌冲突和巴以冲突的持续也使经济前景充满变数,食品和能源价格波动可能再次推高通胀。基金组织强调,保护主义和贸易紧张局势的加剧不仅会阻碍经济增长,还会破坏供应链,各国需警惕这些潜在风险,共同应对全球经济挑战。



正文阅读

I.M.F. Says Inflation Fight Is Largely Over but Warns of New Threats

国际货币基金组织表示,通胀斗争已基本结束,但警告新的威胁
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The global economy has managed to avoid falling into a recession even though the world’s central banks have raised interest rates to their highest levels in years to try to tame rapid inflation, the International Monetary Fund said on Tuesday. But the I.M.F., in a new report, also cautioned that escalating violence in the Middle East and the prospect of a new round of trade wars stemming from political developments in the United States remain significant threats.

国际货币基金组织周二表示,尽管世界各国央行已将利率上调至多年来的最高水平,试图遏制快速通胀,但全球经济成功避免陷入衰退。但国际货币基金组织在一份新报告中也警告称,中东不断升级的暴力,以及美国政治局势发展引发新一轮贸易战的可能性,仍然是重大威胁。
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New economic forecasts released by the fund on Tuesday showed that the global fight against soaring prices has largely been won: Global output is expected to hold steady at 3.2 percent this year and next. Fears of a widespread post-pandemic contraction have been averted, but the fund warned that many countries still face a challenging mix of high debt and sluggish growth.

国际货币基金组织周二发布的新经济预测显示,全球对抗价格飙升的斗争基本上取得了胜利:预计今明两年全球产出将稳定在3.2%的水平。对大流行后经济大范围收缩的担忧已经避免,但国际货币基金组织警告称,许多国家仍面临高债务和增长乏力的挑战。
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The report was released as finance ministers and central bank governors from around the world convened in Washington for the annual meetings of the I.M.F. and the World Bank. The gathering is taking place two weeks ahead of a presidential election in the United States that could result in a major shift toward protectionism and tariffs if former President Donald J. Trump is elected. Mr. Trump has threatened to impose across-the-board tariffs of as much as 50 percent, most likely setting off retaliation and trade wars. Economists think that could fuel price increases and slow growth, possibly leading to a recession.

这份报告是在世界各国财政部长和央行行长齐聚华盛顿参加国际货币基金组织和世界银行年会之际发布的。这次会议是在美国总统大选前两周举行的,如果前总统唐纳德·特朗普当选,可能会导致美国在保护主义和关税方面的重大转变。特朗普威胁要全面征收高达50%的关税,这很可能引发报复和贸易战。经济学家认为,这可能会导致价格上涨和经济增长放缓,并可能导致经济衰退。
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今日单词

    I.M.F. abbr. 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund);

    inflation fight 通货膨胀抗争;

    largely /ˈlɑːrdʒli/ adv. 很大程度上,主要地;

    global economy 全球经济;

    manage to 设法、努力(完成某事);

    fall into 陷入;

    recession /rɪˈseʃn/ n.(经济的)衰退(期);

    interest rate 利率;

    in years 在很长一段时间内;

    tame /teɪm/ vt. 制服,控制;

    caution /ˈkɔːʃn/ vt. 提醒,告诫;

    escalating /ˈeskəleɪtɪŋ/ adj. 逐步上涨的;

    prospect /ˈprɑːspekt/ n. 预期,展望;

    a new round of 新一轮;

    trade war 贸易战;

    stem from 起源于,根源于;

    political development 政治发展;

    economic forecast 经济预测;

    release/rɪˈliːs/ vt. 公布,发布;

    fight against 与…作斗争;

    soaring /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 不断上升的,猛增的;

    output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ n. 输出,产出;

    steady /ˈstedi/ adj. 稳定的,恒定的;

    widespread /ˈwaɪdspred/ adj. 普遍的,广泛的;

    post-pandemic/poʊst pænˈdemɪk/ adj. 疫情后的;

    contraction /kənˈtrækʃn/ n. 收缩,缩小;

    avert /əˈvɜːrt/ vt. 避免;

    high debt 高债务;

    sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ adj. 缓慢的,迟钝的;

    finance minister 财政部长;

    central bank governor 中央银行行长;

    convene/kənˈviːn/ vt. 召集,召开;

    annual meeting 年会;

    gathering /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/ n. 聚集,聚会;

    take place 发生;举行;

    presidential election 总统选举;总统大选;

    major shift 重大转变;

    protectionism /prəˈtekʃənɪzəm/ n. 保护主义,贸易保护主义;贸易保护制度;

    tariff /ˈtærɪf/ n.(政府对进出口货物征收的)关税,关税表;

    impose /ɪmˈpoʊz/ vt. 强制推行,强制实行;

    across-the-board /əˈkrɔːs ðə bɔːrd/ adj. 全面的;

    set off 引起,激起;

    retaliation /rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃn/ n. 报复,反击;

    fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ vt. 加油;刺激,加剧;


素材来源

文本选自:The New York Times(纽约时报)

作者:Alan Rappeport

原文发布时间:22 Oct. 2024

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