IO介绍 | 国际货币基金组织

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IMF

国际/货币/基金/组织

International Monetary Fund





I M F

ABOUT

组织简介

● 正式名称

国际货币基金组织

法语名：Fonds Monétaire International International Monetary Fund（FMI）

英语名：International Monetary Fund（IMF）

● 成立时间

1945年12月27日，根据1944年7月在布雷顿森林会议签订的《国际货币基金组织协定》，联合国189个国家和地区共同宣布成立IMF，与世界银行同为世界两大金融机构，总部设置于美国华盛顿特区。

● 主要目标

促进国际货币合作、确保金融稳定、推动国际贸易发展、促进可持续经济增长，及向监察货币汇率和各国贸易情况、面临国际收支困难的成员提供技术和资金帮助。



Founding and mission

The IMF was conceived in July 1944 at the United Nations Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire, United States. The 44 countries in attendance sought to build a framework for international economic cooperation and avoid repeating the competitive currency devaluations that contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s. The IMF's primary mission is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system—the system of exchange rates and international payments that enables countries and their citizens to transact with each other.

HISTROY

发展历程

1944年，联合国赞助的财金会议于美国新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林举行。

1944年7月22日，会议上签订了成立国际货币基金协议。国际货币基金的主要设计者是费边社成员约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)，以及美国副财政部长亨利·迪克特·怀特(Harry Dexter White)。

1945年12月27日，协议条款付诸实行。

1946年5月，国际货币基金组织正式成立，是为二战完结后之重建计划的一部分。

1947年3月1日正式运作。



IMF总部大楼

LEADERSHIP

机构设置



理事会（Board of Governors）为最高权力机构，由各成员国派正、副理事各一名组成，一般由各国的财政部长或中央银行行长担任。每年9月举行一次会议，各理事会单独行使本国的投票权（各国投票权的大小由其所缴基金份额的多少决定）。



执行董事会（Executive Board）负责日常工作，行使理事会委托的一切权力，由24名执行董事组成，其中8名由基金份额最大的5个国家（美、日、德、法、英）和另外3个国家（中、俄、沙）任命。



FUNCTION

机构职能



Surveillance

有效监管

In order to maintain stability and prevent crises in the international monetary system, the IMF monitors member country policies as well as national, regional, and global economic and financial developments through a formal system known as surveillance.

The IMF provides advice to member countries and promotes policies designed to foster economic stability, reduce vulnerability to economic and financial crises, and raise living standards. It also provides periodic assessments of global prospects in its World Economic Outlook, of financial markets in its Global Financial Stability Report, of public finance developments in its Fiscal Monitor, and of external positions of the largest economies in its External Sector Report, in addition to a series of regional economic outlooks.



Financial assistance

金融援助

Providing loans to member countries that are experiencing actual or potential balance-of-payments problems is a core responsibility of the IMF. Individual country adjustment programs are designed in close cooperation with the IMF and are supported by IMF financing, and ongoing financial support is dependent on effective implementation of these adjustments. In response to the global economic crisis, in April 2009 the IMF strengthened its lending capacity and approved a major overhaul of its financial support mechanisms, with additional reforms adopted in subsequent years. These changes enhanced the IMF’s crisis-prevention toolkit, bolstering its ability to mitigate contagion during systemic crises and allowing it to better tailor instruments to meet the needs of individual member countries.



Capacity development

促进发展

The IMF provides technical assistance and training to help member countries build better economic institutions and strengthen related human capacities. This includes, for example, designing and implementing more effective policies for taxation and administration, expenditure management, monetary and exchange rate policies, banking and financial system supervision and regulation, legislative frameworks, and economic statistics.

#往期IO组织介绍推荐#

#  联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）

#  世界知识产权组织（WIPO）

#  联合国工业发展组织（UNIDO）

#  世界贸易组织（WTO）



本期编辑：朱骏

责任编辑：张琢



               
作者：哈工大国际组织HITIO