外刊阅读 | 如何解决国际货币基金组织的危机(完)

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前接上回：外刊阅读 | 如何解决国际货币基金组织的危机（二）

P7：(1)Together these trends risk making the IMF irrelevant—just like another global institution, the World Trade Organisation, which has also been sabotaged, this time by America. With debt talks frozen, the fund is conjuring up new goals, such as lending to help with climate change. That has caused a turf war with the World Bank, which is better suited to project finance.

参考译文：这些趋势的叠加可能会让 IMF 变得无关紧要——就跟另一个国际组织世界贸易组织（WTO）一样，它也被蓄意破坏了，不过这次是被美国。由于债务谈判被冻结，该基金正在制定新的目标，比如贷款以帮助应对气候变化。这引发了与世界银行的地盘争夺战，因为世界银行更适合项目性融资。

1. 词汇注释

重点词汇

sabotage 阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏（计划或行动） 发音：UK/ˈsæb.ə.tɑːʒ/ US/ˈsæb.ə.tɑːʒ/ This was a deliberate attempt to sabotage the ceasefire.   这是一次蓄意破坏停火的行为。

conjure sth up 想象出；联想起 发音：UK/ˈkʌn.dʒər/ US/ˈkʌn.dʒɚ/ The glittering ceremony conjured up images of Russia's imperial past.   辉煌的典礼让人联想起俄罗斯帝国昔日的景象。

认知词汇

turf war 地盘之争，地盘争夺战。turf 有“地盘，势力范围”的意思。

2.长句精析

Together these trends risk making the IMF irrelevant—just like another global institution, the World Trade Organisation, which has also been sabotaged, this time by America.(26词)

主干提取

本句主干为：trends + risk + making the IMF irrelevant，结构为主谓宾，making the IMF irrelevant 为动名词形式短语作宾语，意为：趋势可能会让 IMF 变得无关紧要。Together these trends 其实有倒装，正常语序为 these trends together，倒装有强调的作用，这里是强调这些趋势的叠加。

枝干分析


破折号后面的内容为插入语，修饰的是前面整个句子，说明 IMF 可能会步 WTO 的后尘；

the World Trade Organisation 为 institution 的同位语；

which has also been sabotaged 为修饰 institution 的定语从句；

this time by America 为状语，修饰 sabotage，表明是这次是被美国破坏的（这里是呼应了前文，前文将 IMF 的危机甩锅给中国，这里做了对比：WTO 的锅是美国的）。


语义梳理


语序梳理：together 倒装的强调，本来是作状语的，即这些趋势叠加在一起，这里为了强调，将其名词化，翻译成“这些趋势的叠加”。which has also been sabotaged 后置定语修饰 institution 中间加了个插入语，离得比较远，建议另起小句翻译。this time by America 与前文呼应，这里为了强调这层对比（转折）关系，增译了逻辑连词“不过”。

组织译文：这些趋势的叠加可能会让 IMF 变得无关紧要——就跟另一个国际组织世界贸易组织（WTO）一样，它也被蓄意破坏了，不过这次是被美国。

P8：The fund does not need a new mission. It needs the ability to get tough on rogue creditors. For some the solution is for it to align itself explicitly with the West, perhaps by implementing restructurings that ban countries from ever again borrowing from unco-operative official creditors. But even if such a policy were credible, it would be a mistake to freeze out China entirely. (1)Not only would it be against the spirit of the fund’s mission, but if countries are forced to make a once-and-for-all choice between financial spheres, some may well choose China’s.

参考译文：IMF 并不需要一个新的使命。它需要的是有能力对制造麻烦的债权人采取强硬态度。对一些国家来说，解决方案是明确地与西方国家保持一致，比如通过实施债务重组，禁止向不合作的官方债权人借款。但即使这样的政策是可靠的，也不能完全将中国拒之门外。这不仅违背了 IMF 使命的精神，而且如果各国被迫在金融界做出一劳永逸的抉择的话，一些国家很可能会选择中国。

1. 词汇注释

重点词汇

rogue 异常的；行为失常的；常制造麻烦的 发音：UK/rəʊɡ/ US/roʊɡ/ a rogue state   流氓国家

freeze out 排挤，排斥 I felt I was being frozen outof/from the discussions.   我感觉他们在排挤我，不让我参加讨论。

认知词汇

once-and-for-all 彻底了结；一劳永逸

sphere （知识、工作等的）范围，领域，圈，界

2.长句精析

Not only would it be against the spirit of the fund’s mission, but if countries are forced to make a once-and-for-all choice between financial spheres, some may well chooseChina’s.(35词)

主干提取

本句为两个小句，not only would it be against xxx 为倒装，正常语序为：it would not only be against xxx。本句的主干为：it + would be against + spirit，将 would be against 看成特殊谓语，本句为主谓宾结构，意为这是违背精神的。but 后面的为另一外小句。本句主干为：some + may choose + China's，即一些为选择中国的。

枝干分析


not only xxx + but (also)，很经典的句型，表达强调的作用，意为不仅……而且……；

of the fund’s mission 为修饰 spirit 的后置定语；

but if countries are forced to make a once-and-for-all choice between financial spheres 为 if 引导的条件状语从句，主干为：countries + are forced to make + choice，意为国家被迫做出选择。a once-and-for-all 为修饰 choice 的定语，between financial spheres 为状语，修饰 make choice，表示在金融界做选择。


语义梳理


语序梳理：后置定语提前翻译。well 本来修饰的是 choose，这里将其翻译到修饰 may 会更好一些，翻译为“很可能会选择”。

组织译文：这不仅违背了 IMF 使命的精神，而且如果各国被迫在金融界做出一劳永逸的抉择的话，一些国家很可能会选择中国。

P9：Instead the IMF should make borrowers suspend payments on their debts to obstructive official creditors for as long as a fund programme is active. (1)That would circumvent and punish lenders that block restructuring, while leaving open a path to their participation should they decide to behave constructively. The IMF would remain open and global. It would not push China away, but save a seat at the table should it choose to take one. Such a strategy would echo the fund’s inclusive approach to several communist states in the cold war.

参考译文：相反，IMF 应该让借款人在基金计划实施期间暂停向恶意阻挠的官方债权人还款。这将规避和惩罚那些阻挠债务重组的贷款人，同时，如果他们决定采取建设性的方案，那也能让他们自行决定是否参与。IMF 将继续保持开放和全球性。但如果中国想要有一席之地，IMF 也会在谈判桌上给其保留一个席位，而不会将其推开。这种战略也印证了该基金在冷战时期对几个共产主义国家采取的包容性做法。

1. 词汇注释

重点词汇

obstructive 有意妨碍的，蓄意阻挠的；刁难的 We'd have made a decision by now if Jean hadn't been so obstructive.   要不是琼从中作梗我们现在早就作出决定了。 动词形式为 obstruct 意为“阻碍；阻止，阻挠；妨碍”，“妨碍司法公正”应该是听得比较多的。这个表达在英美是不一样的。 UK He got five years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructingthe course of justice. 他因隐藏证据、妨碍司法而被判入狱5年。 US He was charged with obstructing justice.   他被控以妨碍司法公正。

circumvent （尤指巧妙或非法地）逃避，规避，绕过 发音：UK/ˌsɜː.kəmˈvent/ US/ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent/ Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations.   船只在外国注册以规避雇用及安全规定。

2.长句精析

That would circumvent and punish lenders that block restructuring, while leaving open a path to their participation should they decide to behave constructively.(23词)

主干提取

本句主干为：That + would circumvent and punish + lenders，would circumvent and punish 组成特殊谓语，故本句为主谓宾结构，意为这将规避和惩罚贷款人。xxx should they decide to xxx 使用了倒装 + 省略，省略了 if，整句正常语序为：xxx if they should decide to xxx。

枝干分析


that block restructuring 为修饰 lenders 的后置定语；

while 后面的整句做状语，可以理解为时间状语，表示在 xxx 的同时 xxx。


语义梳理


语序梳理：while 后面的内容有倒装和省略，把省略的补上，还是比较好理解的。if 表达的条件建议先翻译，再翻译 leaving open 的内容。leaving open a path to their participation 这里怎么理解？即有一条他们参与的路是留着（敞开的），即让他们自行选择是否参与（虽然你门是开的，但我也可以选择不参与）。

组织译文：这将规避和惩罚那些阻挠债务重组的贷款人，同时，如果他们决定采取建设性的方案，那也能让他们自行决定是否参与。

P10：Though the IMF should not close itself off, the sooner it can bypass today’s blockages, the better. Helping countries in crisis is much harder and less glamorous than it used to be. But it is still essential.

参考译文：尽管 IMF 不应该关门歇业，但它越早能绕过如今的障碍越好。帮助危机中的国家要比过去困难得多，也没有那么光彩夺目了。但它仍然是不可或缺的。

1. 词汇注释

重点词汇

bypass 绕过；绕…走；避开 We took the road that bypasses the town.   我们选择了绕过城镇的道路。

认知词汇

blockage 障碍物；堵塞，阻碍

glamorous 有魅力的；令人向往的；富于刺激的；独特的

2.长句精析

本段并无长难句。

《完》

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本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

原文标题：How to fix the International Monetary Fund

发布日期：2023.4.5

原文版权归杂志所有，译文精读版权归【同传万欢读外刊】编译团队所有，转载请注明出处！

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作者：iLearning4ever